Introduction of nanotechnology

       Nanotechnology is a science and technology that uses single atoms and molecules to make substances. Nano science and technology is a science and technology based on many modern sciences and technologies. It is a combination of modern science (chaotic physics, quantum mechanics, mesoscopic physics, molecular biology) and modern technology (computer technology, microelectronics and scanning tunneling microscope technology, nuclear As a result of the combination of analytical technology, nanoscience and technology will lead to a series of new science and technology, such as nanoelectronics, nanomaterial science, and nanomechanics.

　　Nano science and technology, sometimes referred to as nanotechnology for short, is the study of the properties and applications of materials with structure sizes ranging from 0.1 to 100 nanometers. Nano is the English translation of nano. It is a unit of length. It was originally called nanometer, which is 10-9th power meter (one billionth of a meter is equivalent to 4 to 5 atoms in a string. Nanostructure usually refers to Small structures with a size below 100 nanometers).

　　 concept

　　 After the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981, a molecular world with a length of 0.1 to 100 nanometers was born. Its goal is to directly use atoms or molecules to construct products with specific functions. Therefore, nanotechnology is actually a technology that uses single atoms and molecules to range matter.

　　Nanotechnology is a highly intersecting comprehensive discipline, and its research involves a wide range of modern science and technology. Nanoscience and technology mainly include: nanosystem physics, nanochemistry, nanomaterials, nanobiology, nanoelectronics, nanoprocessing, nanomechanics, etc. These seven relatively independent and interpenetrating disciplines and the three research fields of nanomaterials, nanodevices, and nanoscale detection and characterization. The preparation and research of nanomaterials is the basis of the entire nanotechnology. Among them, nanophysics and nanochemistry are the theoretical basis of nanotechnology, and nanoelectronics is an important content of nanotechnology.

　　 From the research so far, there are three concepts about nanotechnology:

　　1 is the molecular nanotechnology proposed by the American scientist Dr. Drexler in the book "The Machine of Creation" in 1986. According to this concept, the machine that combines molecules can be put into practical use, and nanocomputers and nanorobots can be made, so that all kinds of molecules can be combined arbitrarily, and any kind of molecular structure can be made. This concept of nanotechnology has not made significant progress.

　　 2. Positioning nanotechnology as the limit of micromachining technology. That is, the technology of artificially forming nano-sized structures through nano-precision "processing". This nano-level processing technology also makes semiconductor miniaturization about to reach its limit. Even if the existing technology continues to develop, theoretically, it will eventually reach its limit. This is because if the wire width of the circuit is gradually reduced, the insulating film constituting the circuit will become extremely thin, which will destroy the insulating effect. In addition, there are problems such as heat generation and shaking. In order to solve these problems, researchers are studying new types of nanotechnology.

　　 3. Proposed from the perspective of biology. Originally, organisms have nano-scale structures in cells and biofilms. The development of DNA molecular computers and cell biological computers has become an important part of nano-biotechnology.